1) It can be inferred that a political favor “in the truest sense” (highlighted text) is one that

Explanation:

"Favors are still involved in amicitial, but they are political in the truest sense." These lines imply that amicitial, the responsible friendship is the friendship in the truest political sense. The friendship not only involves political or immediate benefits, but the opportunity that it provides the pursuit of political objectives after the election, implying that it represent confidence and mutual support in carrying out policies.

Option A is incorrect, because it not related to what's asked in the passage w.r.t the amicitial friendship in concern.

Option B is incorrect, as the friendship doesn't demand it, instead the benefits are the result of this friendship.

Option C is incorrect, the friendship doesn't actually provide reciprocal payments, it simply represents the strictest political meaning, where no more than what is given as a favor is returned ,

Option D is incorrect, as its irrelevant w.r.t to what's asked.

2) The author speaks of morality primarily in terms of

Explanation

Let's look at some key points from the passage:

-The author states that client-patron relationships "must be acknowledged if one is to understand the basic issues of morality in politics."
-They describe the client-patron relationship as one where politicians perform favors for other politicians in exchange for reciprocal favors.
-They conclude that without amicitial, "there can be no morality in politics."
-They define amicitial as "the responsible friendship that was a sacred agreement for the Roman politician..."

Note that the author discusses morality in the context of the RELATIONSHIPS between politicians. While client-patron relationships are common in the US congress, the author tells us that these relationships must be "responsible friendships" (i.e. they must follow the principle of amicitial) if they are to be moral. So, since the discussion of morality is directly connected to ideas of responsibility and relationships, (E) is the best option.

The main problem with answer choice (D) is that it talks about the workings of the "business community," but the passage is concerned primarily with relationships among politicians (i.e. senators and representatives in the US Congress).