Re: Physiologically, the consequences of loneliness and social isolation a
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19 Jun 2025, 04:00
Let's analyze the sentence blank by blank, paying close attention to the connections and overall theme of the passage, which is the negative physiological consequences of loneliness and isolation.
- Blank (i): "Solitary behavior and social isolation have been linked to higher rates of (i)
\($\qquad$\) and mortality."
- The passage states "higher rates of... and mortality." Mortality means death. So the blank needs a word that describes ill health or disease, something that would go hand-in-hand with higher death rates.
- A. fatality: This means death. While related to mortality, it's somewhat redundant given "mortality" is already there. The typical pairing in this context is "morbidity and mortality."
- B. morbidity: This means the condition of suffering from a disease or medical condition; the rate of disease in a population. This perfectly fits the idea of ill health alongside mortality.
- C. recuperation: This means recovery from illness or exertion. This is the opposite of a negative consequence.
- Blank (ii): "The stress response is hyper-activated in lonely individuals, which (ii) $\qquad$ a faster decline."
- "Hyper-activated stress response" is a negative physiological state. This state would logically cause or contribute to a "faster decline" (another negative outcome). So, the blank needs a verb that shows this causative or accelerative relationship.
- D. palliates: This means to make (a disease or its symptoms) less severe or unpleasant without removing the cause; alleviate. This is the opposite of promoting a faster decline.
- E. promotes: This means to actively support or further the progress of (something); encourage. This fits perfectly, as a hyper-activated stress response would promote or accelerate a faster decline.
- F. transmutes into: This means to change in form, nature, or substance. While "change" is involved, "transmutes into" suggests a direct transformation, not necessarily the active encouragement or causation of a "decline." "Promotes" is more direct for causing a decline.
- Blank (iii): "Sleep, which is one of the body's greatest mechanisms of (iii) $\qquad$ physiological repair, is less efficient in lonely individuals..."
- The phrase "physiological repair" is key. Sleep facilitates the body's repair processes. The blank needs a word describing a process of building up, restoration, or healing at a physiological level.
- G. aerobic: This relates to processes that require oxygen, typically used for physical exercise. It doesn't describe the nature of repair.
- H. anabolic: This refers to metabolic processes that construct molecules from smaller units, often requiring energy. Anabolic processes are associated with growth and repair (e.g., building muscle, repairing tissues). This is a strong fit for "physiological repair."
- I. diaphanous: This means light, delicate, and translucent. This is completely unrelated to physiological repair.
Putting It Together:
The most logical combination is (B), (E), and (H):
"Physiologically, the consequences of loneliness and social isolation are glaringly evident. Solitary behavior and social isolation have been linked to higher rates of morbidity and mortality. The stress response is hyper-activated in lonely individuals, which promotes a faster decline. Sleep, which is one of the body's greatest mechanisms of anabolic physiological repair, is less efficient in lonely individuals, with lonely individuals much more likely to have "micro-awakenings" in the night, leading to daytime fatigue. Even fruit flies have shorter life spans when they are isolated."
This sentence makes coherent sense, clearly outlining the negative physiological impacts of loneliness.