1) Explanation

Let's break down the sentence to understand the context and the meaning required for the blank:
- "The Supreme Court has found that certain guarantees in the Bill of Rights have a $\qquad$ that extends those rights beyond the limits of the text and creates a degree of uncertainty about how far Constitutional protection extends."
- The core idea is that some constitutional rights extend beyond the literal text.
- This extension "creates a degree of uncertainty about how far Constitutional protection extends." This implies the extension is somewhat indirect, ill-defined, or shadowy, leading to uncertainty.
- The blank needs a word that describes this "extending beyond the limits of the text" in a way that implies a broader, perhaps less defined, scope.

Let's evaluate the given options:
- A. curtailment: A reduction or restriction in extent or quantity. This is the opposite of "extends those rights beyond the limits."
- B. distortion: The action of distorting or the state of being distorted. This implies a twisting or misrepresentation, which is not what the Court typically aims for when interpreting rights.
- C. significance: The quality of being worthy of attention; importance. While constitutional guarantees have significance, this word doesn't capture the idea of extending beyond the text or creating uncertainty.

- D. hypocorism: A pet name; a diminutive or endearing term. This is completely irrelevant.
- E. penumbra: The partly shaded region around the shadow of an opaque body; a peripheral area or a surrounding region. In a legal context, "penumbra" refers to implied rights (like the right to privacy) derived from explicit constitutional guarantees, even if not explicitly stated in the text. This perfectly fits "extends those rights beyond the limits of the text" and often comes with "a degree of uncertainty" regarding its precise boundaries.
- F. vagueness: The quality of being uncertain, indefinite, or unclear. This aligns with "creates a degree of uncertainty" and the idea of rights existing beyond clear textual limits. The "penumbra" implies a certain inherent "vagueness" or unclarity in its boundaries.

Conclusion:

The sentence describes an interpretation by the Supreme Court where rights are not strictly limited to the written word but have an implied, broader scope. This broader, often less defined, scope leads to uncertainty. Both "penumbra" and "vagueness" fit this description. "Penumbra" is a specific legal term directly related to implied rights beyond the text, and "vagueness" describes the resulting uncertainty about their extent.

The correct answers are E. penumbra and F. vagueness.