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The more that is discovered about the intricate organization
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27 Sep 2024, 07:49
27 Sep 2024, 07:49
1
Expert Reply
Hi
First of all, the redundancy in one line does not contradict the redundancy in the subsequent line because you overlooked a small detail
redundancy results in decreased precision
of space available in any information system is limited
Per see redundancy helps us to decrease mistakes it is another form of information or instructions to add.
Now, A is clearly off
(A) Their findings provocatively challenge the standard explanation of redundancy in genes.
No at all. They use the concept of redundancy and of the limited space of information to tell us that a TRADE-OFF exists.
between two conflicting priorities: precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes.
The rational of the trade-off is used in a system and how the genes work alike
I hope now is more clear
First of all, the redundancy in one line does not contradict the redundancy in the subsequent line because you overlooked a small detail
redundancy results in decreased precision
of space available in any information system is limited
Per see redundancy helps us to decrease mistakes it is another form of information or instructions to add.
Now, A is clearly off
(A) Their findings provocatively challenge the standard explanation of redundancy in genes.
No at all. They use the concept of redundancy and of the limited space of information to tell us that a TRADE-OFF exists.
between two conflicting priorities: precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes.
The rational of the trade-off is used in a system and how the genes work alike
I hope now is more clear
The more that is discovered about the intricate organization
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17 Nov 2025, 08:51
17 Nov 2025, 08:51
Why is option 3 in Q7 wrong ?
The more that is discovered about the intricate organization
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17 Nov 2025, 09:13
17 Nov 2025, 09:13
Expert Reply
Evaluation of the Statements
I. There is probably some degree of redundancy in the information controlling neural development.
- Passage Context: The final paragraph discusses the "trade-off" between precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes. It states: "It is universally accepted among information theorists that codes and languages can be made mistake-resistant by incorporating redundancy." The overall scheme "must involve a compromise between two conflicting priorities: precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes."
- Inference: Since the Daphniae, as normal organisms, have a working nervous system, their genetic scheme must adhere to this compromise. To avoid gross developmental mistakes, the system must incorporate some level of redundancy, even if this comes at the cost of maximum precision (which the text shows they lack-"some variability in connectivity").
- Conclusion: $I$ is a reasonable inference.
II. Most of the information for neural development stored in the genes is used to specify the positions of the optic neurons.
- Passage Context: The passage notes that in Daphniae, "the position, size, and branching pattern of each optic neuron are remarkably constant," while connectivity and synapse count vary greatly.
- Analysis: High constancy in position suggests high genetic control over position. However, the text only states that the overall genetic information is insufficient (Paragraph 1). We cannot infer a quantitative statement like "Most of the information" is dedicated to one task (position) over another (connectivity or size), even if the position is more precise. This is an unsupported exaggeration.
- Conclusion: II cannot be inferred.
III. There is sufficient information to preclude the occurrence of gross mistakes during neural development.
- Passage Context: The first paragraph states that "errors must and do occur in the development of all normal brains." The third paragraph defines "mistakes" as gross fallibility (e.g., wrongly migrated neurons). It links both imprecision and mistakes to the "insufficiency of genetic information."
- Analysis: If mistakes are defined as gross fallibility and the genetic information is explicitly called insufficient, it is highly unlikely there is sufficient information to preclude (prevent entirely) gross mistakes. The entire premise is that genetic information is limited.
- Conclusion: III is contradicted by the passage.
Final Answer
Only statement I can be reasonably inferred.
The correct choice is (A) I only.
I. There is probably some degree of redundancy in the information controlling neural development.
- Passage Context: The final paragraph discusses the "trade-off" between precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes. It states: "It is universally accepted among information theorists that codes and languages can be made mistake-resistant by incorporating redundancy." The overall scheme "must involve a compromise between two conflicting priorities: precision and the avoidance of gross mistakes."
- Inference: Since the Daphniae, as normal organisms, have a working nervous system, their genetic scheme must adhere to this compromise. To avoid gross developmental mistakes, the system must incorporate some level of redundancy, even if this comes at the cost of maximum precision (which the text shows they lack-"some variability in connectivity").
- Conclusion: $I$ is a reasonable inference.
II. Most of the information for neural development stored in the genes is used to specify the positions of the optic neurons.
- Passage Context: The passage notes that in Daphniae, "the position, size, and branching pattern of each optic neuron are remarkably constant," while connectivity and synapse count vary greatly.
- Analysis: High constancy in position suggests high genetic control over position. However, the text only states that the overall genetic information is insufficient (Paragraph 1). We cannot infer a quantitative statement like "Most of the information" is dedicated to one task (position) over another (connectivity or size), even if the position is more precise. This is an unsupported exaggeration.
- Conclusion: II cannot be inferred.
III. There is sufficient information to preclude the occurrence of gross mistakes during neural development.
- Passage Context: The first paragraph states that "errors must and do occur in the development of all normal brains." The third paragraph defines "mistakes" as gross fallibility (e.g., wrongly migrated neurons). It links both imprecision and mistakes to the "insufficiency of genetic information."
- Analysis: If mistakes are defined as gross fallibility and the genetic information is explicitly called insufficient, it is highly unlikely there is sufficient information to preclude (prevent entirely) gross mistakes. The entire premise is that genetic information is limited.
- Conclusion: III is contradicted by the passage.
Final Answer
Only statement I can be reasonably inferred.
The correct choice is (A) I only.
