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Re: Candidate for Mayor: My opponent argues that the best way to increase [#permalink]
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Identify the Question Stem: The question stem indicates that there are two participants in the argument and asks how one responds to the other. This is a Describe the Argument question.

Deconstruct the Argument: There are two candidates for mayor. One candidate claims that her opponent thinks the city should double the tax on rental cars, allowing non-residents to provide new tax revenues for the city. The candidate rejects this plan for two reasons. First, she claims it's unethical to excessively tax people who don't live there and so can't vote on the plan. Second, she claims that, if prices are too high, people might start renting cars in a different city—implying that they risk losing much or perhaps all of that source of revenue.

Pause and State the Goal: On Describe the Argument questions, your goal is to articulate the mechanism by which one person argues against another. In this case, the candidate uses two arguments, either of which could be described in the answers: She claims that the plan is unethical and she claims that the plan might actually backfire.

Work from Wrong to Right:
(A) While it might be the case that more data would be helpful in evaluating the opponent's plan, the candidate does not suggest that such data is needed.
(B) The candidate does not provide her own plan to raise tax revenues (at least, not in this argument!).
(C) The candidate does not claim that her opponent uses inaccurate data. Rather, she claims that the plan is unethical and might fail to achieve its intended goal.
(D) CORRECT. The candidate's second argument is that the plan might backfire and result in the city losing much or all of this revenue rather than raising more revenue.
(E) This choice goes a bit too far. The candidate doesn't show that her opponent's plan definitely will fail; rather, she raises the possibility that her opponent's plan might not achieve its goal.

The correct answer is (D).
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Re: Candidate for Mayor: My opponent argues that the best way to increase [#permalink]
GeminiHeat wrote:
Explanation

To find the correct answer, let's look closely at the candidate's final point:

"Moreover, if car rental prices are too high in our city, people may simply rent cars in neighboring cities to avoid the tax surcharge."

The opponent's intended effect is to increase the city's tax revenues. However, the candidate implies that by raising the tax too high, people will take their business elsewhere. If people rent cars in neighboring cities instead, the city will lose out on rental business entirely, which could actually decrease or stunt tax revenue, the exact opposite of what was intended.

A is incorrect because the candidate never asks for more data; she makes definitive arguments based on ethics and consumer behavior.

B is incorrect because the candidate never offers a counter-proposal or an alternative strategy to raise tax revenues. She only critiques her opponent's plan.

C is incorrect because the opponent's plan doesn't actually include specific data or statistics to challenge; it's a conceptual proposal.

E is incorrect because it is too strong. The candidate says people may simply rent cars elsewhere. She implies a potential failure or backfire, but she does not definitively demonstrate (prove with certainty or evidence) that the plan would fail.

Answer: D


Is the word demonstrating the one that makes E too strong? If replacing it with the word implying, would it bring E back into contention with D? If so, would D then be too strong as well, since although it wouldn't be unreasonable to infer that revenues could fall, the candidate stopped short of claiming that outright?
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Re: Candidate for Mayor: My opponent argues that the best way to increase [#permalink]
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