Re: The geologist's reconstruction of the ancient shoreline's retreat
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17 Jun 2026, 05:45
Blank (i)
The sentence states the reconstruction "must be treated as (i) _______ at best." The third clause explains why: "the broader edifice rests... upon (iii) _______ ." If the edifice rests on inference rather than solid data, the account is uncertain, conjectural, or not definitive. The blank must mean tentative, conjectural, or not firmly established.
- A. speculative - Based on conjecture rather than knowledge; not definitively established. "Must be treated as speculative at best" perfectly captures the tentativeness. Correct.
- B. tendentious - Expressing a strong bias; argumentative. The sentence does not describe bias, but lack of evidence. Incorrect.
- C. anodyne - Bland, inoffensive, unlikely to provoke. This does not describe an account lacking evidence. Incorrect.
Blank (ii)
The second clause concedes: "not because any single element within it rings (ii) _______." The "not because" signals that this is NOT the reason for the tentativeness. If the problem is NOT that the elements are implausible, the blank must mean obviously untrue, implausible, or false.
- D. demonstrably false - Provably untrue. "Not because any single element rings demonstrably false" perfectly captures the concession: the account is not easily refuted. Correct.
- E. luridly embellished - Sensationalized, exaggerated. This describes style, not truth-value. Incorrect.
- F. marred by internal contradictions - Flawed by inconsistencies. This would be a reason to doubt the account - but the "not because" signals this is NOT the problem. Incorrect.
Blank (iii)
The third clause gives the real reason for doubt: "the broader edifice rests, in disquietingly large measure, upon (iii) _______ ." The word "edifice" is metaphorical - the structure of the argument. If the account is speculative, it rests on conjecture, supposition, or unverified reasoning. The blank must mean inference, conjecture, or deduction from incomplete evidence.
- G. inference - A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; often implies less than full certainty. "Rests upon inference" perfectly captures the basis of a speculative account. Correct.
- H. fabrication - Deliberate invention; falsehood. This is too strong - "speculative" does not imply dishonesty. Incorrect.
- I. dogmatism - Assertion without evidence; rigid adherence. While close, "dogmatism" implies an unwillingness to consider alternatives, not merely a reliance on inference. Incorrect.