I have my idea

You are right. Both can be used. And infact the meaning remains the same as well.
It's like he vitiated the prevailing asthetics.

Got the question right, but felt as if corrupted could be a good answer to this too. What do you think of this word's fit in this question Carcass?

Official Answer

E) subverted

Detailed Explanation \& Logic Breakdown

The Logical Skeleton
The Action: Gascoux renders his human figures without heads.
The Context: The prevailing aesthetic held the human form as sacrosanct (sacred, inviolable, or untouchable).
The Core Meaning: Removing heads from human figures directly defies, undermines, or challenges an aesthetic norm that treats the human body as holy and untouchable. We need a verb that means to undermine or overturn an established rule, convention, or authority.
Why the Correct Option Works
E) subverted (verb): To undermine, overturn, or challenge the power and authority of an established system, belief, or convention. Chopping off heads in artistic depictions actively subverts the traditional, sacred rule of art.

Why the Distractors Fail
A) disembodied (verb/adjective): While removing heads relates to the body, "disembodied" applies to the figures themselves, not to a abstract concept like "an aesthetic." You cannot "disembody an aesthetic."
B) recapitulated (verb): To summarize or repeat the main points of something. Honoring a sacrosanct aesthetic would require following it, not breaking it.
C) corrupted (verb): To ruin or debase moral integrity. While "corrupted" sounds negative,

subverting or challenging an artistic artistic paradigm is an act of aesthetic defiance (subverted), whereas "corrupted" implies debasing or spoiling rather than undermining a convention.
D) exalted (verb): To place at a high level or praise highly. Depicting decapitated figures violates the sacrosanct standard rather than exalting it.