Firstly, Sihyun, where did these graphs come from? These are some of the most obtuse and unclearly labeled graphs I've ever seen. Sometimes, if you're having trouble with problems that don't come from ETS, it's not your fault; it's the fault of whoever made the problem. Some companies produce decent problems, but many produce a lot of garbage. (In this problem, the top graph is labeled "All US Companies Ownership" but then one of the columns is labeled "Receipts." That has nothing to do with ownership. What does that even mean? Totally unclear. Also, what exactly is the difference between these two graphs? They both have that mysterious "receipts" column that seems to be identical in both. The second one is labeled "US companies with Employees." Does that mean the first one is US companies without employees? How do you have a company with no employees? What's the difference between "Firms" in the first and "Num. Firms" in the second? Especially since they're both labeled against a per cent column? I could ask more questions, but an ETS graph would never be like this. They might be complex, but they'd never be completely unclear. I guess the take away from all this is that you shouldn't waste your time with questions from whichever company came up with this atrocity. Switch!)

Anyway let's do our best. For your first question, I'd simply look at the receipts column and see that the section labeled male is much larger than that labeled female, so quantity B is larger.

For your second question, there is nothing labeled salary. But I suppose we could look at the "Payroll" column, which is badly labeled but apparently means total pay in the company. Then we can compare it with the "Num. Employees" column, which I suppose means the number of employees in the company. Then if we notice that the payroll of the public companies is larger than the number of employees in the public companies, we see that the payroll to employee ratio is greater than 1. "Nonpublic" isn't shown but it must be the rest of the companies. So we can see that the nonpublic payroll to nonpublic employees is less than 1. Thus A is greater. I guess.

How is it that the companies are either public or male-owned? How is this not an overlapping set? These graphs make me upset. Get different books, Sihyun!