Last visit was: 25 Nov 2024, 13:18 It is currently 25 Nov 2024, 13:18

Close

GRE Prep Club Daily Prep

Thank you for using the timer - this advanced tool can estimate your performance and suggest more practice questions. We have subscribed you to Daily Prep Questions via email.

Customized
for You

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Track
Your Progress

every week, we’ll send you an estimated GRE score based on your performance

Practice
Pays

we will pick new questions that match your level based on your Timer History

Not interested in getting valuable practice questions and articles delivered to your email? No problem, unsubscribe here.

Close

Request Expert Reply

Confirm Cancel
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [2]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
User avatar
Retired Moderator
Joined: 03 Dec 2019
Posts: 348
Own Kudos [?]: 958 [0]
Given Kudos: 0
avatar
Intern
Intern
Joined: 11 Dec 2019
Posts: 29
Own Kudos [?]: 3 [0]
Given Kudos: 0
Send PM
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [0]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Use the search button and then the tags as criteria

For instance, these are only Hard 3 blanks we do have on the board. Pretty easy to perform the search

https://gre.myprepclub.com/forum/search.ph ... mit=Search
User avatar
Director
Director
Joined: 22 Jun 2019
Posts: 521
Own Kudos [?]: 711 [0]
Given Kudos: 161
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Carcass wrote:
The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation dose is so small that it cannot produce a probability of cancer was proposed when researchers found that survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had (i)____ high rates of cancer later in life. Scientists used those data at high does to extrapolate how many excess cancer cases would develop at lower doses. Curiously, today we believe these cases to be (ii)____ even though there is no way to detect them against the normal background of disease: even without (iii)____ radiation exposure, about one in three people develop cancer.



Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)
disproportionately spurious man-made
paradoxically unmistakable ubiquitous
unsurprisingly fabricated mandatory



Kudos for the right answer and explanation


Please check the OA, the 3rd black H or G?
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [0]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Expert Reply
They are correct
User avatar
Director
Director
Joined: 22 Jun 2019
Posts: 521
Own Kudos [?]: 711 [0]
Given Kudos: 161
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
1
theBrahmaTiger wrote:
The tone of the first sentence (no dose is so small...) suggests that survivors did report a high volume of cancers, so disproportionately is the best fit. The second blank has to be consistent with the logic presented in the prior sentence (there is no shift in the author's view), so unmistakable is the right choice. The third blank should be opposite to long exposure or high doses, so ubiquitous makes perfect sense.


Caution: if the OA is correct then you are wrong on the 3rd blank.
User avatar
Retired Moderator
Joined: 03 Dec 2019
Posts: 348
Own Kudos [?]: 958 [0]
Given Kudos: 0
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
1
You are right huda, I actually meant to say similar and not opposite. man-made is the right choice, but I don't have the correct explanation for that.

Originally posted by theBrahmaTiger on 16 Dec 2019, 08:18.
Last edited by theBrahmaTiger on 16 Dec 2019, 11:03, edited 1 time in total.
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [1]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
1
Expert Reply
Curiously, today we believe these cases to be (ii)____ even though there is no way to detect them against the normal background of disease: even without (iii)____ radiation exposure, about one in three people develop cancer.


Now we have NO doubts that even at tiny doses of radiation some form of cancer will be developed by someone before or after. The answer that shows NO doubt is E

even we DO NOT have a man-made (the other options for the third blank simply have no sense in the context) trace we will have the onset of a form of cancer.

Notice how man-made means provoked by humans, artificial.

Regards
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [0]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Expert Reply
Always break down the stimulus in chunks and sentences. this approach will permit you two things

1) along the way you, ideally, should come up with the right answer choices without seeing the option
2) a few mistakes
3) It will be more manageable


The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation dose is so small that it cannot produce a probability of cancer was proposed when researchers found that survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had (i)____ high rates of cancer later in life.

Basically, the first sentence tells us that even no radiations or an iota of them could lead to cancer late in life. And this scenario certainly will bring a huge rate of cases

Scientists used those data at high does to extrapolate how many excess cancer cases would develop at lower doses.


The scientist used those data to gain insights home many cases of cancer we do have mORe than the average due to the lower dosage of radiations

Curiously, today we believe these cases to be (ii)____ even though there is no way to detect them against the normal background of disease: even without (iii)____ radiation exposure, about one in three people develop cancer.

We do believe, contrary to what indeed the data show us, that these cases over the average are the exception but eventually it is not this case. They are not spurious.

This also is confirmed by the fact that the radiation cause cancer and the radiation are man-made. Which means that they are provoked by the human action NOT by nature. In fact, we do have radiation that is normal in our environment. However, they are harmful.

Ubiquitous means everywhere and mandatory means obblòigation. Both are out of scope. Remember, we are talking about follow-up radiation, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were two disasters made by the men's stupidity dropping the two first nuclear bombs.


Hope this helsp
Intern
Intern
Joined: 25 Apr 2021
Posts: 5
Own Kudos [?]: 0 [0]
Given Kudos: 7
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
I have a question about blank (i);
My reasoning: Since - "No radiation dose is so small that it cannot produce a probability of cancer" - implies that as the Hiroshima & Nagasaki received Nuclear bombs - so even after a long time because of radiation the cancer cases are high - hence i am convinced that 'A' shall be the answer.

Any counterargument, please.
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [0]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Expert Reply
honcho11 wrote:
I have a question about blank (i);
My reasoning: Since - "No radiation dose is so small that it cannot produce a probability of cancer" - implies that as the Hiroshima & Nagasaki received Nuclear bombs - so even after a long time because of radiation the cancer cases are high - hence i am convinced that 'A' shall be the answer.

Any counterargument, please.



Frankly I did not get your point.

Do you need an explanation for the first blank ??
Intern
Intern
Joined: 25 Apr 2021
Posts: 5
Own Kudos [?]: 0 [0]
Given Kudos: 7
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Yes, I want an explanation for the first Blank!
Verbal Expert
Joined: 18 Apr 2015
Posts: 30023
Own Kudos [?]: 36397 [0]
Given Kudos: 25929
Send PM
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Expert Reply
The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation dose is so small that it cannot produce a probability of cancer was proposed when researchers found that survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had (i)____ high rates of cancer later in life

This sentence means basically, that even the tiniest dose of radiation in the order of micron can cause long-distance cancer.

This is what asserts a new theory

This was based on the observation of the cases in N-H where people had a low dose of radiations, even insignificance. However, we do have a high rate of cases more than the average

That means we do have a disproportion between the doses and the results AKA the cancer cases

So B is out of scope, and C is irrelevant

we need a confrontation between two scales: the low doses and the high cancer cases
Prep Club for GRE Bot
Re: The linear no-threshold theory of cancer that no radiation d [#permalink]
Moderators:
GRE Forum Moderator
37 posts
GRE Instructor
234 posts
GRE Instructor
1065 posts

Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group | Emoji artwork provided by EmojiOne