1. It can be inferred from the passage that a hypothesis using neutrinos for the missing dark matter in the standard model would include which of the following elements?

Indicate all that apply.

A) A structural model of the universe in which the average distance between galaxies increased over time.

there is a major reason why neutrinos cannot account for all of the Universe’s dark matter. A neutrino-dominated universe would have inhibited structure formation and caused a “top-down” formation (larger structures forming first, eventually condensing and fragmenting to those we see today).

From this sentence we infer that neutrino contributes to the formation of galaxies for instance from a top down perspective: formation, increasing in their size and eventually disintegration. Basically is the same process from stars, novas, supernovas, collapse. One way til the end.

B) A justification for the “top-down” universe formation that includes a new weakly interacting particle.

Wrong. this sentence take two things the passage says and fuse in one thing. neutrino is a weakly particle and the neutrino itself contributes to the top down view. The top down view does not generate a NEW weakly neutrino

C) An inconsistency regarding the conservation of energy when used for measurements at the atomic level.

Completely out of scope option. Never seen in the passage


2) It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions “large galaxies” primarily in order to

A) explain another benefit of using the standard model to explain particle interaction

no it is used to explain us the bottom up model

B) identify a probable source of missing dark matter

completely wrong. It point out us that an alternative model exists and that the neutrino is only partial responsible of the dark matter

C) help account for the accuracy of the standard model in measuring distance

completely wrong. It is true that the standard model shows us the expansion and as it turns out the distance BUT never see in the passage about the accurancy.


D) indicate how cosmic structures have followed a model in which larger structures disintegrate

just a fact, and a partial view of what the passage says

E) point out a factor that contradicts a model using neutrinos as the universe’s missing dark matter

there is a major reason why neutrinos cannot account for all of the Universe’s dark matter.

We do know that neutrino is pART of the dark matter and he contributes to the top-down view.

A neutrino-dominated universe would have inhibited structure formation and caused a “top-down” formation (larger structures forming first, eventually condensing and fragmenting to those we see today). However, galaxies have been observed to exist less than a billion years after the Big Bang and, together with structure formation simulations, a “bottom-up” formation (stars galaxies, then large galaxies, then clusters, etc.)

However, large galaxies tell us a contradiction thanks to the bottom up view

Link to further practice https://gre.myprepclub.com/forum/search.ph ... mit=Search

Regards

How close is barron's verbal to the actual test ??

Okay Now I got it it says that the HYPOTHESIS of neutrinos would include so

We should not consider the Bottom to top approach which was the final evidence instead consider the top to bottom which was the first stance.

Barrosn in my opinion create the closest verbal questions.

Also our tests are really close.

I hope this hint will help you

regards

P1 - Introduce Standard model
P2 - Describe one of it's drawback and provide evidence

MP - Introduce Standard model and one of it's drawback.

Q1: It can be inferred from the passage that a hypothesis using neutrinos for the missing dark matter in the standard model would include which of the following elements?

A) A structural model of the universe in which the average distance between galaxies increased over time. --> Correct
However, galaxies have been observed to exist less than a billion years after the Big Bang and, together with structure formation simulations, a “bottom-up” formation (stars galaxies, then large galaxies, then clusters, etc.) means universes dark matter uses bottom-up formation - from this we can infer that the distance increases overt time.
B) A justification for the “top-down” universe formation that includes a new weakly interacting particle. --> opposite - there is a major reason why neutrinos cannot account for all of the Universe’s dark matter. A neutrino-dominated universe would have inhibited structure formation and caused a “top-down” formation
C) An inconsistency regarding the conservation of energy when used for measurements at the atomic level. --> Nothing said about energy

Q2: It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions “large galaxies” primarily in order to

A) explain another benefit of using the standard model to explain particle interaction. -->Opposite
B) identify a probable source of missing dark matter. -->Neutrinos is a small part of dark matter and cannot be the only source-- explicitly told in passage but "large galaxies" mentioned to show the contradiction --bottom-up and top-down-- not to find any source of dark matter.
C) help account for the accuracy of the standard model in measuring distance -->Opposite
D) indicate how cosmic structures have followed a model in which larger structures disintegrate --> Indeed it follows a model but that's not why author mentioned it in the passage
E) point out a factor that contradicts a model using neutrinos as the universe’s missing dark matter -->completely matches with my guess

I don't know , they passage speaks how Neutrinos destroy the galaxies in order to built the stars
never mention any thing about the average distance between the galaxies
however we know from theories that dark matter reduce the universe expansion and as will as the Neutrinos do have small interaction so it must be speed up the universe expansion
of curse option A is correct but it is wrong for GRE you should depend on the passage only
therefore I believe the best answer is B ( new weakly interacting particle)
can be inferred from this sentence
(The only stable, electrically neutral, and weakly interacting particles in the model are the neutrinos)
and this one combined
(undisputed virtue of being known to exist” (as put so well by Lars Bergstrom),)