Since I find the 25q to be quite excessive, yet I managed to get the correct answer, I will try to provide my explanation to the q.

25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that Einstein's approach is "erroneous" might have to be modified because

Now for me b) was a winner from the first observance of it; however, I had reservations for it.

Now b.) "some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics" should be correct in my eyes due to the fact that he truly never really disputes the theory, he himself just tries to give a better understanding of it, a fuller picture to something that he seems to think could be better than it is already. Thereby, erroneous his approach is not, perhaps slightly flawed, yet still not completely wrong, since it is based in large on the theory.

If wrong, please feel free to correct me

Additionally, Some of the test results observed in the experiment do not oppose Einstein’s hypothesis. So, it can be inferred that Einstein’s approach was not completely wrong.

Hope that helps!

By "some of the test results", is this in relation to "most experiments" phrase in the last sentence? Or is there some other hint in the passage that implies this?

yes, The last sentence is being alluded there.

Any explanation for 24 please?

Though first I answered it with approval, later I find that skepticism is the right answer. Skepticism means doubt or disposition about a subject: this goes with the passage fully not approval. Einstein didn't fully disapprove of it rather he raised questions or doubts.

But here we are talking with respect to author not Einstein right?
If someone can help with a 24? It will be great

Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.

(A) approval

No because the author is fairly neutral

(B) surprise

no at all

(C) indifference

no the argument matters

(D) apprehension

out of scope

(E) skepticism

yes for the sentence above

Regards

explanation for 27?

also 26?

Hey,

Consider this from the passage: Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong. Rather, he held that it is incomplete

From this, we can say that Einstein had a problem with the nature of quantum mechanics it was based on probabilities.

Answer B



Here is the solution of Q27: https://gre.myprepclub.com/forum/quantum-m ... tml#p42951

Quantum mechanics is a highly successful theory: it supplies methods for accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with minute particles. The predictions of quantum mechanics, however, give only the probability of an event, not a deterministic statement of whether or not the event will occur.

The theory is great especially with minute particles. But it gives us the probability NOT if the event will occur or not, for sure


Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong.


Einstein was satisfied with the theory even though it was not perfect

Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified.

We have to deal with the probability of the events predicted by the theory because of its incompleteness of some parameters


If these hypothetical "hidden parameters" were known, a fully deterministic trajectory could be defined.

If we know the parameters the theory would go from the probability to a determinist or sure statement


Significantly, this hidden-parameter quantum theory leads to experimental predictions different from those of traditional quantum mechanics.

The fact that the parameters are to us unknown brings the consequences to experimental results

Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.

However, probably Einstein was wrong because several experiments conducted confirm the traditional theory and not Einstein' assumptions


24. The author regards the idea that traditional quantum mechanics is incomplete with

(A) approval

no the tone is neutral

(B) surprise

no surprise in discussing the passage

(C) indifference

no he is involved because he does several considerations

(D) apprehension

not really

(E) skepticism

Yes because Einstein' assumptions were tested and he was wrong


25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that Einstein's approach is "erroneous" might have to be modified because

(A) it is theoretically possible to generate plausible theories with hidden parameters within them

we care about quantum theory NOT other theories

(B) some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics

yes. E. was almost wrong, which means he was NOT totally wrong. Correct

(C) it is possible for a theory to have hidden parameters and yet be probabilistic

never discussed this in the passage

(D) traditional quantum mechanics has not yet been used to analyze all of the phenomena to which it could be applied

out of scope

(E) there are too many possible hidden parameters to develop meaningful tests of hidden parameter theories

we do know how MANy parameters we do have


26. According to the passage, Einstein posed objections to the

(A) existence of hidden parameters in quantum theory
(B) probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics
(C) idea that quantum mechanics is incomplete
(D) results of experiments testing quantum theory
(E) the importance accorded quantum mechanics in physics

Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life,

B is correct

C is tricky but is wrong because E. did care of the probabilistic nature NOT the idea itself of the theory



27. The passage suggests that which of the following would have resulted if the experiments mentioned had not supported the predictions of traditional quantum mechanics?

(A) Einstein, had he been alive, would have revised his approach to quantum mechanics.
(B) Hidden-parameter theories would have been considered inaccurate descriptions of real-world phenomena.
(C) A deterministic description of the motion of a particle might still be considered possible.
(D) Quantum mechanics would have ceased to attract the attention of physicists.
(E) Einstein, had he been alive, would have abandoned attempts to specify the hidden parameters that describe motion.


Quantum mechanics is a highly successful theory: it supplies methods for accurately calculating the results of diverse experiments, especially with minute particles.

and

If these hypothetical "hidden parameters" were known, a fully deterministic trajectory could be defined

C is correct: the minuscule particles is the gist of the entire passage


Hope now is clear

Need help with the definition of the word 'Skeptic'. I understood the passage and in my opinion, the author is disapproving Einstein's idea that the theory is incomplete. Now the word rejection is not included in the options, can someone explain why we choose Skeptic?

I explained above Sir https://gre.myprepclub.com/forum/quantum-m ... tml#p71127

ask if something is STILL not clear to you

24. The author regards the idea that traditional quantum mechanics is incomplete with

(A) approval

No.

(B) surprise

No.

(C) indifference

No.

(D) apprehension

No.

(E) skepticism


Yes.

Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.


25. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's conclusion that Einstein's approach is "erroneous" might have to be modified because


(A) it is theoretically possible to generate plausible theories with hidden parameters within them

No.

(B) some experimental tests of Einstein's theory do not disconfirm the hidden-parameter theory of quantum mechanics

Yes.

Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.


(C) it is possible for a theory to have hidden parameters and yet be probabilistic

No.

(D) traditional quantum mechanics has not yet been used to analyze all of the phenomena to which it could be applied

No.

(E) there are too many possible hidden parameters to develop meaningful tests of hidden parameter theories

No.


26. According to the passage, Einstein posed objections to the

(A) existence of hidden parameters in quantum theory

No, it was he who suggested the hidden parameters theory

(B) probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics

Yes.

Because of this probabilism, Einstein remained strongly dissatisfied with the theory throughout his life, though he did not maintain that quantum mechanics is wrong.

(C) idea that quantum mechanics is incomplete

No, it was Einstein's suggestion that quantum mechanics is incomplete

(D) results of experiments testing quantum theory

No, since these experiments were conducted after his death

(E) the importance accorded quantum mechanics in physics

No



27. The passage suggests that which of the following would have resulted if the experiments mentioned had not supported the predictions of traditional quantum mechanics?

(A) Einstein, had he been alive, would have revised his approach to quantum mechanics.

No.

(B) Hidden-parameter theories would have been considered inaccurate descriptions of real-world phenomena.

No.

(C) A deterministic description of the motion of a particle might still be considered possible.

Yes.

Rather, he held that it is incomplete: in quantum mechanics the motion of a particle must be described in terms of probabilities, he argued, only because some parameters that determine the motion have not been specified. If these hypothetical "hidden parameters" were known, a fully deterministic trajectory could be defined.

and

Einstein's ideas have been tested by experiments performed since his death, and as most of these experiments support traditional quantum mechanics, Einstein's approach is almost certainly erroneous.

Taking both these facts together one understands that if the experiments had not supported the predictions of traditional quantum mechanics, they would have proved Einstein's proposed quantum mechanics that held that there are hidden parameters. And when these hidden parameters are acknowledged we can have a deterministic trajectory of the particle instead of a probabilistic motion.

(D) Quantum mechanics would have ceased to attract the attention of physicists.

No.

(E) Einstein, had he been alive, would have abandoned attempts to specify the hidden parameters that describe motion.

No.