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GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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Updated on: 26 Jan 2021, 09:53
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Benjamin Franklin established that lightning is the transfer of positive or negative electrical charge between regions of a cloud or from cloud to earth. Such transfers require that electrically neutral clouds, with uniform charge distributions, become electrified by separation of charges into distinct regions. The greater this separation is, the greater the voltage or electrical potential of the cloud. Scientists still do not know the precise distribution of charges in thunder-clouds nor how separation adequate to support the huge voltages typical of lightning bolts arises. According to one theory, the precipitation hypothesis, charge separation occurs as a result of precipitation. Larger droplets in a thundercloud precipitate downward past smaller suspended droplets. Collisions among droplets transfer negative charge to precipitating droplets, leaving the suspended droplets with a positive charge, thus producing a positive dipole in which the lower region of the thundercloud is filled with negatively charged raindrops and the upper with positively charged suspended droplets.
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71% (01:40) correct
29% (01:29) wrong based on 21 sessions
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1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing which of the following?
(A) A central issue in the explanation of how lightning occurs (B) Benjamin Franklin's activities as a scientist (C) Research into the strength and distribution of thunderstorms (D) The direction of movement of electrical charges in thunderclouds (E) The relation between a cloud's charge distribution and its voltage
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29% (01:06) correct
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2. The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically
(A) produce a distribution of charges called a positive dipole in the clouds where they originate (B) result in the movement of negative charges to the centers of the clouds where they originate (C) result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate (D) originate in clouds that have large numbers of negatively charged droplets in their upper regions (E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed
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3. According to the passage, Benjamin Franklin contributed to the scientific study of lightning by
(A) testing a theory proposed earlier, showing it to be false, and developing an alternative, far more successful theory of his own (B) making an important discovery that is still important for scientific investigations of lightning (C) introducing a hypothesis that, though recently shown to be false, proved to be a useful source of insights for scientists studying lightning (D) developing a technique that has enabled scientists to measure more precisely the phenomena that affect the strength and location of lightning bolts (E) predicting correctly that two factors previously thought unrelated to lightning would eventually be shown to contribute jointly to the strength and location of lightning bolts
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70% (01:40) correct
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4. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the precipitation hypothesis, as it is set forth in the passage?
(A) Larger clouds are more likely than smaller clouds to be characterized by complete separation of positive and negative charges. (B) In smaller clouds lightning more often occurs within the cloud than between the cloud and the earth. (C) Large raindrops move more rapidly in small clouds than they do in large clouds. (D) Clouds that are smaller than average in size rarely, if ever, produce lightning bolts. (E) In clouds of all sizes negative charges concentrate in the center of the clouds when the clouds become electrically charged
Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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04 Apr 2019, 06:09
Can't understand why n.2 answer is C.
(C) result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate
The text says that "Larger droplets in a thundercloud precipitate downward past smaller suspended droplets." so large raindrops stay at the bottom of clouds.
Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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05 Apr 2019, 09:55
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AqlMsm wrote:
Can't understand why n.2 answer is C.
This is because the answer to number 2 should not be C but instead should be E: Question number 2 says, "The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically ___" and choice E says "(E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed"
You are right that C is not correct. "(C) result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate." Lightening bolts do not result in the suspension of positively charged drops but rather result from the distance between the negatively charged particles and the positively charged particles.
This is what Choice E indicates. I think that the OA needs to be updated on this Question number 2.
Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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24 Jul 2019, 11:20
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1) Option A is absolutely correct, we are discussing throughout the passage about how lightening occurs.
2) It is mentioned that the larger droplets in the thundercloud precipitate downward past suspended droplets, leaving the suspended droplets with a positive charge, this producing a positive dipole in the lower region of the thundercloud filled with negatively charged raindrops. So, it results in the suspension of large positively charged raindrops. C is correct.
3) Benjamin Franklin contributed a new discovery which was not known by other scientists. So option B is the correct choice. He did not test a theory, his hypothesis was not false, he did not develop any technique or predict.
4) In the precipitation hypothesis lower region of thunderclouds is filled with negatively charged raindrops. If in clouds of all sizes negative charges concentrate in the center of the clouds that would undermine the hypothesis.
Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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11 Nov 2019, 09:43
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Hi, I think if we go via the POE, we might get C as the correct answer.
2. The passage suggests that lightning bolts typically
(A) produce a distribution of charges called a positive dipole in the clouds where they originate => lightning bolts doesn't produce distribution of charge. Distribution of charge does that (lighting bolt). (B) result in the movement of negative charges to the centers of the clouds where they originate => -ve charges are in lower part, irrelevant (C) result in the suspension of large, positively charged raindrops at the tops of the clouds where they originate => ONLY THIS REMAINS valid, however, i think info is slightly incorrect in this option also as suspended +ve charges are smaller in size as per passage but this option says they are larger. (D) originate in clouds that have large numbers of negatively charged droplets in their upper regions => -ve charges are in lower part, opposite of what is give in passage. Hence, rejected. (E) originate in clouds in which the positive and negative charges are not uniformly distributed => charges are not uniformly distributed. Hence, irrelevant.
Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning
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25 Jan 2021, 15:45
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Re: GRE RC #10-Benjamin Franklin established that lightning [#permalink]