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Re: Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish [#permalink]
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3. According to one explanation of the "confusion effect," a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Inference

The “confusion effect” is discussed in the third and fourth paragraphs. The first explanation of the “confusion effect” proposes that because predators prefer to select distinctive prey, they find it difficult to select one fish from among many that look the same.

A. The 200-meter visibility of fish is part of the explanation for theory A, not theory B (the “confusion effect”).

B. The location of an individual fish within a school is not discussed in the passage as being important to the “confusion effect.”

C. The size of a school of fish is not discussed as an element of the “confusion effect.”

D. Correct. Because predators, according to the “confusion effect,” prefer to select prey that is distinct from the rest of the school, a fish that is similar in appearance to the other fish in its school would most likely enjoy a survival advantage.

E. The size of a fish relative to the other fish in its school would most likely contribute to its ability to survive: that is, if it resembled other fish in size, it would be safer, based on what the passage says about the “confusion effect.” Furthermore, the passage gives no reason to think that merely being medium-sized would confer any advantage (unless the other fish were medium-sized as well).

Answer: D
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Re: Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish [#permalink]
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4. The author is primarily concerned with

Difficulty Level: Easy

Explanation

Main idea

Determining the author’s primary concern depends on understanding the focus of the passage as a whole. The author presents two theories that purport to account for why fish, particularly small fish, tend to school and explains the arguments of proponents of each theory.

A. Correct. The author discusses two theories—identified as theory A and theory B—that account for the tendency of fish to school.

B. The author is not concerned with different techniques in the passage.

C. The two theories of why the fish school could be referred to as hypotheses, but the author is not primarily concerned with defending them; rather, the passage explains how each attempts to account for the phenomenon in question.

D. The author presents, rather than refutes, beliefs about why fish tend to school.

E. The author reveals no evidence, new or otherwise, in the passage. The passage is a general discussion of scientific opinions based on existing evidence.

Answer: B
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Re: Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish [#permalink]
Hello from the GRE Prep Club VerbalBot!

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Re: Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish [#permalink]
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