Explanation

The health problem is that artificial fat absorbs certain essential vitamins and hence prevents these vitamins to be used by the body.

We have to evaluate the argument and focus only on the 'absorption and utilization of vitamins' by the body.

(A) Whether increasing one's intake of the vitamins can compensate for the effects of the artificial fat.
That means external intake of vitamins can compensate for the poor absorption. This is certainly helping to evaluate the argument.

(B) Whether the vitamins that the artificial fat absorbs are present in foods that contain the fat.
We are concerned about the absorption or availability of the vitamins to the body. The presence of vitamins doesn't promise availability.

(C) Whether having an extremely low fat intake for an extended period can endanger health.
not concerned about endangering health.

(D) Whether there are any foods that cannot be prepared using the artificial fat as a substitute for other fats.
Not concerned about preparing food using artificial fat.

(E) Whether people are generally able to detect differences in taste between foods prepared using the artificial fat and foods that are similar except for the use of other fats.
Not concerned about the taste

Answer: A