Political independence came to Ceylon in a totally different manner than it did to Burma. In the case of Ceylon, there was no Japanese occupation, no revolutionary fervent and no sudden break with the past. The colony did not even experience liberation struggle. There was no civil disobedience or non-cooperation and no imprisonment of national leaders. As there was no struggle in Ceylon, neither was there the usual concomitant of a struggle, the hardening of national solidarity through national sacrifice. Ceylon emerged from colonial rule through a process of peaceful negotiations, but this was not an altogether unmixed blessing. An essential element in the explanation of the unique way in which Ceylon achieved political independence is the fact that the process of Westernization had gone further there than in other colonial territories.

Consider all that apply

1. Political independence in Ceylon was different because:

(A) It was not based on any ideology.
(B) It was not guided by national pride but by westernization.
(C) The roots of the struggle were based on peaceful bargaining tactics.



The author's attitude towards the political struggle adopted by the Ceylonese is best described as

(A) Negative.
(B) Skeptical.
(C) Dispassionate.
(D) Subjective.
(E) Enthusiastic.