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GENERAL ROOTS AND PREFIXES #1 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
a, an | not, without | atheist, anarchy, anonymous apathy, aphasia, anemia, atypical, anesthesia | |||
ab | away from | absent, abduction, aberrant, abstemious, abnormal, abstract, absorb | |||
acro | high, tip, top | acrobat, acrophobia, acronym, acromegaly | |||
ad | to, toward | admit, addition, advertisement, adherent, admonish, address, adhesive, adept, adjust | |||
alt | high | altitude, altimiter, alto, contralto, altocumulus | |||
ambul | to walk | ambulatory, amble, ambulance, somnambulist, perambulate, preamble | |||
ante | before | anteroom, antebellum, antedate antecedent, antediluvian | |||
anti, ant | against, opposite | antisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody, antichrist, antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy, antigen, antibiotic, antidote, antifungal, antidepressant | |||
audi | to hear | audience, auditory, audible, auditorium, audiovisual, audition, audiobook | |||
auto | self | automobile, automatic, autograph, autonomous, autoimmune, autopilot, autobiography | |||
be | thoroughly | bedecked, besmirch, besprinkled, begrudge, begrime, belie, bemoan | |||
bell | war | belligerent, antebellum, bellicose, rebel | |||
bene | good, well | benefactor, beneficial, benevolent, benediction, beneficiary, benefit | |||
bi | two | bicycle, bifocals, biceps, billion, binary, bivalve, bimonthly,bigamy, bimetal, biathlete, bicarbonate | |||
cede, ceed, cess | to go, to yield | succeed, proceed, precede, recede, secession, exceed, succession, excess | |||
chron | time | chronology, chronic, chronicle, chronometer, anachronism | |||
cide, cis | to kill, to cut | fratricide, suicide, incision, excision, circumcision, precise, concise, precision | |||
circum | around | circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance, circumcision, circumference, circumorbital, circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe, circulatory | |||
clud, clus claus | to close | include, exclude, clause, claustrophobia, enclose, exclusive | |||
con, com | with, together | convene, compress, contemporary, converge, compact, confluence, concatenate, conjoin, combine, convert, compatible, consequence |
GENERAL ROOTS AND PREFIXES #2 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
contra, counter | against, opposite | contradict, counteract, contravene, contrary, counterspy, contrapuntal, contraband | |||
cred | to believe | credo, credible, credence, credit, credential, credulity, incredulous, creed, incredible | |||
commun | to share | commune, community, communism, communicable, communication, commonality, incommunicado | |||
cycl | circle, wheel | bicycle, cyclical, cycle, encliclical, motorcycle, tricycle, cyclone | |||
de | from, down, away | detach, deploy, derange, deodorize, devoid, deflate, degenerate, deice, descend, derail, depress, depart, decompose, destruction | |||
dei, div | God, god | divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify | |||
demo | people | democracy, demagogue, epidemic, demographic | |||
dia | through, across, between | diameter, diagonal, dialogue, dialect, dialectic, diagnosis, diachronic, diagram, diaphragm | |||
dict | speak | predict, verdict, malediction, dictionary, dictate, dictum, diction, indict, contradict | |||
dis, dys, dif | away, not, negative | dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade, disconnect, dysfunction, disproportion, disrespect, distemper, distaste, disarray, dyslexia | |||
duc, duct | to lead, pull | produce, abduct, product, transducer, viaduct, aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce, induce | |||
dyn, dyna | power | dynamic, dynamometer, heterodyne, dynamite, dynamo, dynasty | |||
ecto | outside, external | ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm, ectopic, ectothermal | |||
endo | inside, withing | endotoxin, endoscope, endogenous | |||
equi | equal | equidistant, equilateral, equilibrium, equinox, equitable, equation, equator | |||
e, ex | out, away, from | emit, expulsion, exhale, exit, express, exclusive, enervate, exceed, explosion | |||
exter, extra | outside of | external, extrinsic, exterior, extraordinary, extrabiblical, extracurricular, extrapolate, extraneous, exterminator, extract, extradite, extraterrestrial, extrasensory, extravagant, extreme | |||
flu, flux | flow | effluence, influence, effluvium, fluctuate, confluence, reflux, influx | |||
flect, flex | to bend | flexible, reflection, deflect, circumflex, inflection, reflex | |||
graph, gram | to write | polygraph, grammar, biography, graphite, telegram, autograph, lithograph, historiography, graphic, electrocardiogram, monogram |
GENERAL ROOTS AND PREFIXES #3 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
hetero | other | heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual, heterodyne | |||
hyper | over, above | hyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic, hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic, hyperlink, hypertext, hypersonic, hypertrophy | |||
homo | same | homogenized, homosexual, homonym, homophone | |||
hypo | below, less than | hypotension, hypodermic, hypoglycemia, hypoallergenic, hypothermia, hypothesis | |||
in, im | not | inviolate, innocuous, intractable, innocent, impregnable, impossible | |||
infra | beneath | infrared, infrastructure, infrasonic | |||
inter, intro | between | international, intercept, intermission, interoffice, internal, intermittent, introvert, introduce | |||
intra | within, into | intranet, intracranial, intravenous, intramural, intramuscular, intraocular | |||
jac, ject | to throw | reject, eject, project, trajectory, interject, dejected, inject, ejaculate | |||
mal | bad,badly | malformation, maladjusted, dismal, malady, malcontent, malfeasance, maleficent, malevolent, malice, malaria, malfunction, malignant | |||
mega | great, million | megaphone, megalomaniac, megabyte, megalopolis | |||
meso | middle | mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere | |||
meta | beyond, change | metaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism, metahistorical, metainformation, metacognitive | |||
meter | measure | perimeter, micrometer, ammeter, multimeter, altimeter, geometry, kilometer | |||
micro | small | microscope, microprocessor, microfiche, micrometer, micrograph | |||
mis | badly | misinform, misinterpret, mispronounce, misnomer, mistake, misogynist | |||
mit, miss | to send | transmit, permit, missile, missionary, remit, admit, missive, mission | |||
morph | shape | polymorphic, morpheme, amorphous, metamorphosis, morphology, morphing | |||
multi | many | multitude, multipartite, multiply, multipurpose, multicolored, multimedia, multinational | |||
neo | new | neologism, neonate, neoclassic, neophyte |
GENERAL ROOTS AND PREFIXES #4 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
non | not | nonferrous, nonabrasive, nondescript, nonfat, nonfiction, nonprofit, nonsense, nonentity | |||
omni | all | omnipotent, omnivorous, omniscient, omnibus, omnirange, omnipresent | |||
para | beside | paraprofessional, paramedic, paraphrase, parachute, paralegal, parallel, comparison | |||
per | through, intensive | permit, perspire, perforate, persuade, perceive, perfect, permit | |||
peri | around | periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal | |||
phon | sound | telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic, homophone, microphone | |||
phot | light | photograph, photosynthesis, photon | |||
poly | many | polytheist, polygon, polygamy, polymorphous | |||
port | to carry | porter, portable, report, transportation, deport, import, export | |||
re | back, again | report, realign, retract, revise, regain, reflect, rename, restate, recombine, recalculate, redo | |||
retro | backwards | retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression, retroactive | |||
sanct | holy | sanctify, sanctuary, sanction, sanctimonious, sacrosanct | |||
scrib, script | to write | inscription, prescribe, proscribe, manuscript, conscript, scribble, scribe | |||
sect, sec | cut | intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section | |||
semi | half | semifinal, semiconscious, semiannual, semimonthly, semicircle | |||
spect | to look | inspect, spectator, circumspect, retrospect, prospect, spectacle | |||
sub | under, below | submerge, submarine, substandard, subnormal, subvert, subdivision, submersible, submit | |||
super, supra | above | superior, suprarenal, superscript, supernatural, supercede, superficial, superhero, superimpose | |||
syn | together | synthesis, synchronous, syndicate, synergy, snyopsis, syncretism | |||
tele | distance, from afar | television, telephone, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy |
GENERAL ROOTS AND PREFIXES #5 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
theo, the | GOD | theology, theist, polytheist, pantheism, atheist | |||
therm, thermo | heat | thermal, thermometer, thermocouple, thermodynamic, thermoelectric | |||
tract | to drag, draw | attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract, protract, detract, subtract, contract, intractable | |||
trans | across | transoceanic, transmit, transport, transducer | |||
un | not | uncooked, unharmed, unintended, unhappy | |||
veh, vect | to carry | vector, vehicle, convection, vehement | |||
vert, vers | to turn | convert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo, invert, reversion, extravert, introvert | |||
vita | life | vital, vitality, vitamins, revitalize |
SUFFIXES #6 | |||||
Root or Prefix![]() | Meaning![]() | Examples | |||
able, ible | able to be, capable of being | pourable, drinkable, readable, washable, curable, visible, flexible, collectible | |||
ance, ancy | state of, process of | performance, reliance, defiance, radiance, acceptance, ascendancy, discrepancy, infancy | |||
dom | condition, office, state | kingdom, freedom, wisdom, sheikdom, fiefdom, sheikdom | |||
ee | one who receives | payee, mortgagee, employee, appointee, abductee, examinee, referee, refugee | |||
er, or | one who does [the verb] | driver, hiker, reader, manager, polisher, speaker, counselor, author, creator, director, sculptor | |||
ful | filled with | frightful, delightful, wonderful, cupful, wakeful, bashful, bountiful, beautiful, cheerful, colorful, dreadful, fateful | |||
ify | to make into | purify, deify, simplify, clarify, petrify | |||
ification | process of making into | purification, deification, simplifiction, clarification, petrification | |||
ish | the nature of, resembling | cornish, Irish, bookish, freakish, foolish, boorish, selfish, sluggish, priggish | |||
ism | doctrine, system, characteristic quality | capitalism, heroism, optimism, skepticism, realism, patriotism, communism, idealism, conservatism | |||
ist | one who performs; an adherent of an ism | tympanist, cellist, idealist, communist, realist, moralist, pharamacist, pragmatist | |||
ize | to make into | rationalize, normalize, realize, capitalize | |||
ization | the process of making into | rationalization, normalization, realization, capitalization | |||
less | without | bottomless, effortless, friendless, noiseless, harmless |
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