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Most mental health disorders and cases of drug abuse tend to
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Updated on: 19 Jan 2021, 07:02
Updated on: 19 Jan 2021, 07:02
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Most mental health disorders and cases of drug abuse tend to diminish a person’s ability to recognize other people’s feelings. A recent study in Norway suggests, however, that these effects can be bolstered by a nasal spray puff of the brain hormone oxytocin, which is known to increase feelings of calm and social bonding. Although oxytocin is already prescribed for certain disorders that affect social function, such as autism, these treatments are often tried in isolated cases, leaving the overall effects of the drug without evaluation.
The Norwegian experiment focused on 40 students, each of whom was given either a control dose of salt water or the drug oxytocin. After the nasal dose, the studentswere shown faces of happy, angry, or neutral expressions, some of which were subtler than others. The researchers found that after a nasal spray dose of oxytocin, the students’ awareness of the expressions was intensified. Further, the experiment showed that the oxytocin had the greatest effect on those who were least able to evaluate emotions properly when given the control.
Although the results of this study seem promising, Leknes, the lead scientist in the investigation, cautions that the hormone would not be a “cure-all” for mental illness or drug addiction. Rather, he suggests, the hormone might help some individuals better interpret the social cues from the world around them.
The Norwegian experiment focused on 40 students, each of whom was given either a control dose of salt water or the drug oxytocin. After the nasal dose, the studentswere shown faces of happy, angry, or neutral expressions, some of which were subtler than others. The researchers found that after a nasal spray dose of oxytocin, the students’ awareness of the expressions was intensified. Further, the experiment showed that the oxytocin had the greatest effect on those who were least able to evaluate emotions properly when given the control.
Although the results of this study seem promising, Leknes, the lead scientist in the investigation, cautions that the hormone would not be a “cure-all” for mental illness or drug addiction. Rather, he suggests, the hormone might help some individuals better interpret the social cues from the world around them.
Question 1
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1. The author of the passage would most likely agree with which of the following statements about the brain hormone oxytocin?
(A) Its overall effects require further evaluation.
(B) In the future, it will be used to cure mental illness and drug addiction.
(C) It is not useful for people who are already able to interpret social cues.
(D) Its effects on the brain are unknown.
(E) It is more effective when dosed via nasal spray than orally.
Question 2
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2. The passage lends the most support to which of the following conclusions about the nasal spray study of oxytocin?
(A) The results of the study are inconclusive because a sample set of 40 students is not substantial.
(B) The nasal spray of oxytocin increased feelings of calm and social bonding for the students.
(C) Many students were unable to recognize the expressions shown to them when given only the control dose of salt water.
(D) The students who might need oxytocin most are the ones who appear most responsive to the hormone.
(E) The subtler the expression, the more difficult it was for the students to identify.
Question 3
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3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage regarding the Norwegian study on oxytocin?
(A) The study showed that oxytocin made students more able to distinguish faces from one another.
(B) Leknes was the lead scientist in the investigation.
(C) A control dose of salt water was used to gauge normal student ability to recognize facial expressions.
(D) Students who participated in the study were shown happy, angry, or neutral expressions.
(E) Oxytocin had the greatest effect on students who were least able to evaluate emotions properly when given the control dose.
Originally posted by GeminiHeat on 24 Nov 2019, 00:20.
Last edited by GeminiHeat on 19 Jan 2021, 07:02, edited 2 times in total.
Last edited by GeminiHeat on 19 Jan 2021, 07:02, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: Most mental health disorders and cases of drug abuse tend to
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27 Apr 2020, 13:39
27 Apr 2020, 13:39
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Re: Most mental health disorders and cases of drug abuse tend to
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28 Apr 2020, 04:56
28 Apr 2020, 04:56
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1. The author of the passage would most likely agree with which of the following statements about the brain hormone oxytocin?
This is just a straight look-up exercise. We have to find which answer choice is consistent with the passage.
(A) Its overall effects require further evaluation.
The author mentioned in the first paragraph that the overall usage of oxytocin requires further evaluation.
(B) In the future, it will be used to cure mental illness and drug addiction.
Not mentioned in the passage directly. The results are coming along great, but its confirmed usage in the future is not predicted.
(C) It is not useful for people who are already able to interpret social cues.
On the contrary, it is helpful to these people.
(D) Its effects on the brain are unknown.
We know that it makes people to read responds to social cues better, but its effects on the brain is not mentioned in the passage.
(E) It is more effective when dosed via nasal spray than orally.
The author has only discussed the oxytocin's usage when its taken via nasal spray.
2. The passage lends the most support to which of the following conclusions about the nasal spray study of oxytocin?
(A) The results of the study are inconclusive because a sample set of 40 students is not substantial.
The author has not provided any judgment on the experiment.
(B) The nasal spray of oxytocin increased feelings of calm and social bonding for the students.
Oxytocin has helped subjects to respond to social cues, but it has not increased feelings of calm.
(C) Many students were unable to recognize the expressions shown to them when given only the control dose of salt water.
The author has not commented on the effect of salt water on subjects.
(D) The students who might need oxytocin most are the ones who appear most responsive to the hormone.
This can be inferred from the passage, because the author said that those who were least able to express emotions have had the greatest effect of oxytocin.
(E) The subtler the expression, the more difficult it was for the students to identify.
Some of the responses were subtler, but the experiment never mentioned that some expressions were more difficult from one other.
3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage regarding the Norwegian study on oxytocin?
(A) The study showed that oxytocin made students more able to distinguish faces from one another.
This is not mentioned in the passage. The subjects were shown facial expression, but it didn't say that the students were able to distinguish each other faces.
(B) Leknes was the lead scientist in the investigation.
It is mentioned in the last paragraph.
(C) A control dose of salt water was used to gauge normal student ability to recognize facial expressions.
Both salt water and oxytocin were used in the experiment.
(D) Students who participated in the study were shown happy, angry, or neutral expressions.
These three types of expressions were shown to the students.
(E) Oxytocin had the greatest effect on students who were least able to evaluate emotions properly when given the control dose.
It is mentioned in the last line of the second paragraph.
This is just a straight look-up exercise. We have to find which answer choice is consistent with the passage.
(A) Its overall effects require further evaluation.
The author mentioned in the first paragraph that the overall usage of oxytocin requires further evaluation.
(B) In the future, it will be used to cure mental illness and drug addiction.
Not mentioned in the passage directly. The results are coming along great, but its confirmed usage in the future is not predicted.
(C) It is not useful for people who are already able to interpret social cues.
On the contrary, it is helpful to these people.
(D) Its effects on the brain are unknown.
We know that it makes people to read responds to social cues better, but its effects on the brain is not mentioned in the passage.
(E) It is more effective when dosed via nasal spray than orally.
The author has only discussed the oxytocin's usage when its taken via nasal spray.
2. The passage lends the most support to which of the following conclusions about the nasal spray study of oxytocin?
(A) The results of the study are inconclusive because a sample set of 40 students is not substantial.
The author has not provided any judgment on the experiment.
(B) The nasal spray of oxytocin increased feelings of calm and social bonding for the students.
Oxytocin has helped subjects to respond to social cues, but it has not increased feelings of calm.
(C) Many students were unable to recognize the expressions shown to them when given only the control dose of salt water.
The author has not commented on the effect of salt water on subjects.
(D) The students who might need oxytocin most are the ones who appear most responsive to the hormone.
This can be inferred from the passage, because the author said that those who were least able to express emotions have had the greatest effect of oxytocin.
(E) The subtler the expression, the more difficult it was for the students to identify.
Some of the responses were subtler, but the experiment never mentioned that some expressions were more difficult from one other.
3. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage regarding the Norwegian study on oxytocin?
(A) The study showed that oxytocin made students more able to distinguish faces from one another.
This is not mentioned in the passage. The subjects were shown facial expression, but it didn't say that the students were able to distinguish each other faces.
(B) Leknes was the lead scientist in the investigation.
It is mentioned in the last paragraph.
(C) A control dose of salt water was used to gauge normal student ability to recognize facial expressions.
Both salt water and oxytocin were used in the experiment.
(D) Students who participated in the study were shown happy, angry, or neutral expressions.
These three types of expressions were shown to the students.
(E) Oxytocin had the greatest effect on students who were least able to evaluate emotions properly when given the control dose.
It is mentioned in the last line of the second paragraph.
