Carcass wrote:
The age of a man is 4 times that of his son. Four years ago, the man was seven times as old as his son was at that time. What is the present age of the man ?
(A) 28 years
(B) 32 years
(C) 40 years
(D) 44 years
(E) 48 years
In this case, we can easily test the answer choices. 
From here, I'd typically give myself up to 20 seconds to identify a faster approach, but I can already see that I can immediately eliminate 4 of the answer choices.  
Here's why:Given: Four years ago, the man was 7 times as old as his son was at that time .
Check the other choices....
(A) 28 years. If the man's present age is 28, then 4 years ago, he was 24, which means his age can't be a multiple of 
7. Eliminate. 
(B) 32 years. If the man's present age is 32, then 4 years ago, he was 28, which is a multiple of 
7. 
Keep. 
(C) 40 years. If the man's present age is 40, then 4 years ago, he was 36, which means his age can't be a multiple of 
7. Eliminate. 
(D) 44 years. If the man's present age is 44, then 4 years ago, he was 40, which means his age can't be a multiple of 
7. Eliminate. 
(E) 48 years. If the man's present age is 48, then 4 years ago, he was 44, which means his age can't be a multiple of 
7. Eliminate. 
If we want to be safe, we can check out the choice B (32 years). 
If the man's present age is 32, then 
4 years ago, he was 28, which means his son was 4 years old 
4 years ago (since we're told the man was seven times as old as his son at that time)
If the son was 4 years old 
4 years ago, and then the son is presently 8 years old, and the man's present age (32) is four time's the son's age. 
Answer: B