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A chemical company claims that, since only one of 520 rats that were

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A chemical company claims that, since only one of 520 rats that were [#permalink] New post   10 Nov 2021, 04:25
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A chemical company claims that, since only one of 520 rats that were given high doses of a new artificial sweetener developed cancer while all the others remained healthy, the sweetener is not carcinogenic for human beings and ought to be approved for human consumption.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the chemical company’s claim?


(A) Chemicals that are carcinogenic for rats are usually also carcinogenic for other animals, such as guinea pigs, used in experiments.

(B) The spontaneous incidence of cancer in this particular strain of rat is approximately one in 540.

(C) Tests conducted on a certain strain of mouse show that, of 500 mice given a dose of sweetener similar to that given the rats, 53 developed cancer.

(D) Certain chemicals that are carcinogenic for human beings have been shown not to be carcinogenic for rats.

(E) The average lifespan of the strain of rat used in the experiment is 2 years the chemical company terminated the experiment when the rats were 13 months old.

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GeminiHeat
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Re: A chemical company claims that, since only one of 520 rats that were [#permalink] New post   13 Nov 2021, 04:21
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A – this doesn’t strengthen the chemical company’s claim – we don’t care about ‘other animals’.

B – CORRECT. If the incidence of cancer in this strain is one in 540, then we have reason to believe the sweetener is not carcinogenic for human beings – that one case would be attributable to the spontaneous incidence of cancer in rats.

C – Opposite direction – weakens the chemical company’s claim.

D – Opposite direction – suggest that results from the test of 520 rats may not be accurate for human beings. If certain chemicals that are carcinogenic for human beings are not carcinogenic for rats, then the results could potentially be less accurate for human beings.

E – Out of scope. Lifespan of the strain of rat is not relevant here.
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Re: A chemical company claims that, since only one of 520 rats that were [#permalink]
13 Nov 2021, 04:21
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