Dutch artist M.C. Escher's work covers a variety of subjects, though he is probably best known for the pieces that he drew from unusual perspectives, which result in enigmatic effects. During the course of his life, Escher adopted a highly mathematical approach, using special notations that he invented himself, including a system for categorizing shapes, colors, and symmetrical properties. Looking at his work, you can see clearly that mathematics played an important role in the development of his distinctive style, yet though he studied and admired various mathematical theories over the years, Escher did not consider himself a mathematician. However, this lack of formal training allowed him to explore mathematics in a unique way, without having to adhere to any set rules or restrictions. In 1958, he wrote:
"In mathematical quarters, the regular division of the plane has been considered theoretically .... [Mathematicians] have opened the gate leading to an extensive domain, but they have not entered this domain themselves. By their very nature they are more interested in the way in which the gate is opened than in the garden lying behind it."

The passage suggests that the enigmatic effects of M.C. Esher's work are caused by which of the following?

A. The fact that Escher's work covers a variety of subjects.
B. Escher's decision to draw rather than paint his work.
C. The mathematical approach Escher took to his work.
D. The way Escher used a system to categorize his shapes.
E. The unusual perspectives Escher used in his work.



From the passage, what is Escher's view of mathematicians?

A. They do not grasp how mathematics and art are interconnected.
B. They will never have the ability to appreciate Escher's art.
C. They cannot translate their theories into their own personalized notations.
D. They will never be able to translate their theories into art.
E. They cannot see the beauty that is inherent in their theories.



In the passage, "distinctive" means

A. disturbing.
B. honorable.
C. characteristic.
D. maladjusted.
E. macabre.