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There is an anthropological theory that states that societies may be d
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24 Mar 2023, 10:20
24 Mar 2023, 10:20
1
Expert Reply
There is an anthropological theory that states that societies may be divided into one of two broad categories by their cultural motivators: shame or guilt. In a shame-based society, the ethical motivations are primarily external; one’s behavior is governed based on potential effects on the social group (such as dishonoring one’s family). By contrast, guilt-based societies rely more heavily on internal motivations; one’s behavior is governed based on a set of internal guidelines. There is no society where one or the other is entirely absent, but the distinction lies in that, based on the accepted values of the society, one will come to be dominant over the other. It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society; indeed, the forms of shame-based motivators in courtly society were extremely highly developed, with express social laws governing various behaviors. This sort of shame may be seen to be divided into many forms, such as positive and negative shame; that is, prospective and retrospective (knowledge of the honor one will accrue or the shame one will avoid through future actions, and humiliation or other punishment after something harmful has been done, respectively), ethical and nonethical (dealing with higher, such as theological and abstract, concepts, and quotidian matters, respectively), and so on. These social structures may also be found in the contemporary tales of the chivalric world. An example of such may be seen in the frequent plot device of the knight committing adultery with the wife of his lord. Adultery with the wife of one’s lord is a matter of treason and an explicit moral wrong, and yet the condemnation in these stories seems to focus on the perpetrator’s violation of social norms (treason) rather than moral standards (adultery).
Question 1
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Question Stats:
18% (03:05) correct
83% (02:35) wrong based on 40 sessions
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Considering all that apply
Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
A. Early Medieval Europe was unconcerned with moral codes.
B. Some cultures are neither shame-based nor guilt-based.
C. Guilt-based societies have few laws.
Question 2
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Question Stats:
0% (00:00) correct 0% (00:00) wrong based on 0 sessions
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Select the sentence that describes the scope of the passage.
Show: ::
It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society; indeed, the forms of shame-based motivators in courtly society were extremely highly developed, with express social laws governing various behaviors
Question 3
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Question Stats:
56% (01:00) correct
44% (01:05) wrong based on 41 sessions
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Considering all that apply
What can we infer about a society that focuses primarily upon a moral code of right and wrong?
A. It would be guilt-based.
B. It would tolerate adultery.
C. It would not have laws governing behavior.
Question 4
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Question Stats:
81% (00:49) correct
19% (00:45) wrong based on 26 sessions
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Based on the passage, a society that prizes the harmony of the social group would most likely be
A guilt-based
B shame-based
C extremely permissive
D governed by a chivalric order
E bereft of citizens with an internal code of moral right and wrong
Re: There is an anthropological theory that states that societies may be d
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12 Apr 2023, 11:20
12 Apr 2023, 11:20
1
Expert Reply
QUESTION #1
You are looking for statements that go beyond what can reasonably be inferred in the passage. (A) is a good choice, because while the passage mentions that it was “primarily a shame-based society,” there is no mention of a lack of concern with moral codes; further, the passage notes that neither classification of societies is without some influence of the other. (B) also cannot be inferred; in fact, it is contradicted in the fourth sentence. As for (C), while the passage mentions the complexity of the social guidelines of shame-based societies, there is no way you can infer that guilt-based societies have few laws. All three of the answers are correct.
You are looking for statements that go beyond what can reasonably be inferred in the passage. (A) is a good choice, because while the passage mentions that it was “primarily a shame-based society,” there is no mention of a lack of concern with moral codes; further, the passage notes that neither classification of societies is without some influence of the other. (B) also cannot be inferred; in fact, it is contradicted in the fourth sentence. As for (C), while the passage mentions the complexity of the social guidelines of shame-based societies, there is no way you can infer that guilt-based societies have few laws. All three of the answers are correct.
There is an anthropological theory that states that societies may be d
[#permalink]
12 Apr 2023, 11:20
12 Apr 2023, 11:20
1
Expert Reply
QUESTION #2
It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society . . .It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society . . . This sentence provides us with the particular focus of the passage on Medieval Europe, narrowed down from the topic of shame- and guilt-based societies in general.
It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society . . .It would seem that early Medieval Europe was primarily a shame-based society . . . This sentence provides us with the particular focus of the passage on Medieval Europe, narrowed down from the topic of shame- and guilt-based societies in general.
