1. Understanding the Sentence Structure:

The sentence discusses the dual effects of the Industrial Revolution:
- Positive: Improved physical living conditions.
- Negative: Led to poor working conditions and human rights violations (e.g., a specific type of labor).
2. Analyzing Blank (i): "fomented (i) $\qquad$ working conditions"
- "Fomented" means stirred up or caused trouble, so we need a negative adjective for working conditions.

Options:
- (A) regressive $\rightarrow$ Moving backward (could fit if conditions worsened).
- (B) baleful $\rightarrow$ Harmful or destructive (strong negative connotation).
- (C) sedate $\rightarrow$ Calm or dull (doesn't fit the negative context).

Best choice: (B) baleful (most clearly negative and severe).
3. Analyzing Blank (ii): "human rights transgression such as (ii) $\qquad$ labor"

We need a term for exploitative or unethical labor practices common during the Industrial Revolution.

Options:
- (D) intensive $\rightarrow$ Hard work (neutral; not necessarily a transgression).
- (E) juvenile $\rightarrow$ Child labor (fits historically; a major human rights issue).
- (F) cumbersome $\rightarrow$ Inefficient or unwieldy (irrelevant to rights violations).

Best choice: (E) juvenile (refers to child labor, a well-documented abuse).

4. Why Other Options Fail:
- Blank (i):
- Regressive (A) could imply worsening but is vaguer than baleful.
- Sedate (C) is entirely off-topic.
- Blank (ii):
- Intensive (D) and cumbersome (F) don’t describe human rights violations.