Carcass wrote:
A four-digit number is formed by randomly selecting from the digits 0 through 9. No digit may be selected more than once. If the first two digits selected are 8 and 6, what are the chances that the number is even?
(A) 1/64
(B) 3/64
(C) 1/24
(D) 1/21
(E) 3/8
The first and second place of a 4-digit number is fixed i.e. the number is
8 6 _ _
Now, let us fix the last places as 0, 2, and 4 and form cases;
Case I -
8 6 _ 0
we can plug 7 numbers for the thirs place (exclude 8, 6, and 0)
So, 7 numbers
Case II -
8 6 _ 2
we can plug 7 numbers for the thirs place (exclude 8, 6, and 2)
So, 7 numbers
Case III -
8 6 _ 4
we can plug 7 numbers for the thirs place (exclude 8, 6, and 4)
So, 7 numbers
Total available numbers = 7 + 7 + 7 = (3)(7)
Now, numbers of ways in which we can pick last 2 cards w/o repetition = (8)(7)
Thus, req. Prob. = \(\frac{(3)(7)}{(8)(7)} = \frac{3}{8}\)
Hence, option E