Some corporations shun the use of executive titles - New Strategy used by some corps (Normal strategy was to use titles)

because they fear that the use of titles indicating position in the corporation tends to inhibit communication up and down the corporate hierarchy. - Reason for adopting New Strategy

Since an executive who uses a title is treated with more respect by outsiders, however, use of a title can facilitate an executive’s dealings with external businesses. - Support for Normal strategy; this is against new strategy

The obvious compromise is for these executives to use their corporate titles externally but not internally, - Compromise of the two strategy

since even if it is widely known that the corporation’s executives use executive titles outside their organization, this knowledge does not by itself inhibit communication within the corporation. - Support for Compromise Strategy

We see that the first boldface sentence is a reason for adopting the new strategy. The second bold statement is a reason against the new strategy (in favour of the normal strategy)

A) The first presents an obstacle to achieving a certain goal; the second presents a reason for considering that goal to be undesirable.

No obstacle for a goal is discussed.

B) The first is a consideration that has led to the adoption of a certain strategy; the second presents a reason against adopting that strategy.

Correct. First is a consideration supporting new strategy. The second bold statement is a reason against adopting the new strategy.

C) The first describes a concern that the consultant dismisses as insignificant; the second is a consideration that serves as the basis for that dismissal.

No, he doesn't dismiss the concern. He offers a solution which takes care of both concerns.

D) The first is a belief for which the consultant offers support; the second is part of that support.

Even if the first is considered a belief, the consultant offers no support for it. The consultant suggest compromise strategy which incorporates the positives of both.

E) The first is a belief against which evidence is offered; the second is part of the evidence offered against that belief.

No evidence is offered against the first bold statement. The author does not say that using titles does not inhibit communication in the org.

Answer (B)