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That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha

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Carcass
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That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   Updated on: 17 Jan 2021, 14:13
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That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. That these very same species may have been able to walk— using their wings no less— has been far more controversial. However, the latest computer simulations suggest that the pteranodon, a pterosaur with a wingspan of up to twenty-five feet, while no rapid runner, was able to walk by retracting its wrists so as to walk on its palms. Why the pteranodon did so remains unanswered.

One theory is that walking allowed it to forage for food on the ground. While this idea is enticing, proponents of this theory have yet to propose a reasonable answer as to what led to such a dramatic change in both physiology and locomotion. Another explanation is that flying was the evolutionary advantage conferred upon these creatures: in times of scarcity, a flying creature has access to a far greater abundance of fauna than does one limited to terrestrial movement.

In the sentence that begins, “Another explanation is that flying was the evolutionary advantage,” the author implies that

A. most flying dinosaurs underwent similar transformations
B. only a theory that accounts for the scarcity of resources can account for the physiological adaptations of the pteranodon
C. dinosaurs only underwent evolutionary change if doing so provided an obvious advantage
D. the pteranodon had originally only been able to walk before evolving the ability to fly
E. the pteranodon would be able to access sufficient food while in flight



Which of the following can be substantiated based on information found in the passage?

Select all that apply.

A. Scientists consider evidence based on computer simulations sufficient for backing up a theory.
B. The Pteranodon had other adaptations, besides the ability to retract its wrists, that allowed it to walk.
C. Even if a theory is compelling, that theory should not be immune to analysis.


ShowHide Answer Question #1
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D
ShowHide Answer Question #2
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A,C

Originally posted by Carcass on 13 Mar 2019, 11:08.
Last edited by Carcass on 17 Jan 2021, 14:13, edited 1 time in total.
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MagooshStudentHelp
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   21 Mar 2019, 08:47
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1. Some dinosaurs could both fly and walk. However, did they originally fly and then learn to walk, or did they originally walk and then learn to fly? By saying that flying was an evolutionary advantage conferred upon them, the author is implying that the latter is true: first, the dinosaurs walked, and then they learned to fly.

2. The author states that computer simulations showed that the pteranodon was able to walk. This fact is then assumed to be true for the rest of the passage, which attempts to explain why they walked. Hence, the computer simulation was enough evidence to conclude that the pteranodon did indeed walk. Statement I is true.

The passage tries to explain why the pteranodon walked, but it does not explain how it walked, other than to say that it retracted its wrists. We aren't give any other adaptations, so II is not right.

The theory that pteranodons learned to walk in order to forage for food on the ground was "enticing," or compelling. However, even though it is compelling, it still needs further analysis in order to explain what caused the pteranodon to make such a drastic change. So even compelling theories are not immune to analysis. III is correct.
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   07 May 2019, 10:45
Why 2c ?
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   07 May 2019, 11:20
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sorry, what did you mean with 2 c ??

Thank you
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   14 Mar 2021, 21:02
Hello Experts,

Could you please throw some light at question no.2 , why did we also choose A ? I had selected only C . I thought A wasn't true, because the passage mentions , after computer simulation , it still remains unanswered.

And also at Question no.1 , we did select D , but it's a must be true question, it isn't explicitly mentioned in the passage.

:( Need help to understand.

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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   15 Mar 2021, 01:35
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However, the latest computer simulations suggest that the pteranodon, a pterosaur with a wingspan of up to twenty-five feet, while no rapid runner, was able to walk by retracting its wrists so as to walk on its palms.


A. Scientists consider evidence based on computer simulations sufficient for backing up a

a theory.

A IS CORRECT. tHEN IF THE THOERY IS CORRECT OR WRONG WE NEED FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS

hOPE THIS IS CLEAR NOW
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   16 Mar 2021, 07:45
Carcass wrote:
However, the latest computer simulations suggest that the pteranodon, a pterosaur with a wingspan of up to twenty-five feet, while no rapid runner, was able to walk by retracting its wrists so as to walk on its palms.


A. Scientists consider evidence based on computer simulations sufficient for backing up a

a theory.

A IS CORRECT. tHEN IF THE THOERY IS CORRECT OR WRONG WE NEED FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS

hOPE THIS IS CLEAR NOW



Thank you !

Lepétite.
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Re: That some dinosaurs could fly has long been established. Tha [#permalink] New post   21 Jun 2021, 14:14
MagooshStudentHelp wrote:
1. Some dinosaurs could both fly and walk. However, did they originally fly and then learn to walk, or did they originally walk and then learn to fly? By saying that flying was an evolutionary advantage conferred upon them, the author is implying that the latter is true: first, the dinosaurs walked, and then they learned to fly.

2. The author states that computer simulations showed that the pteranodon was able to walk. This fact is then assumed to be true for the rest of the passage, which attempts to explain why they walked. Hence, the computer simulation was enough evidence to conclude that the pteranodon did indeed walk. Statement I is true.

The passage tries to explain why the pteranodon walked, but it does not explain how it walked, other than to say that it retracted its wrists. We aren't give any other adaptations, so II is not right.

The theory that pteranodons learned to walk in order to forage for food on the ground was "enticing," or compelling. However, even though it is compelling, it still needs further analysis in order to explain what caused the pteranodon to make such a drastic change. So even compelling theories are not immune to analysis. III is correct.



For the second question, option B: The passage mentions that `dinosaurs may have been able to walk— using their wings no less— has been far more controversial`. Then the author, uses, however, and goes on to say `was able to walk by retracting its wrists so as to walk on its palms`. So, does: using their wings and idea mentioned after however is the same? But I highly doubt that as wrist and wings portray different things. Then why can't option B correct by inferring as `walk— using their wings no less` alternative to `walk on its palms`? And if what I am saying is wrong then according to the passage: walk on palm = walk using their wings

What am I missing here?
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