21. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) A historical trend is sketched and an exception to that trend is cited.
(B) Evidence for a historical irregularity is mentioned and a generalization from that evidence is advanced.
(C) A paradox about the origins of an institution is pointed out and the author's explanation of the paradox is expounded.
(D) A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.
(E) An interpretation of the rise of an institution is stated and evidence for that interpretation is provided.
In the first para, the author states that the first mention of slavery happened much later than it had first actually came into inception. The author also pointed out that after Handlins' account of explanation of late introduction of slavery has some drawbacks, so a detailed analysis was needed. Hence, D is the answer. 22. Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of "several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures" passed during and after the 1660's?
(A) The acts negatively affected the pre-1660's position of Black as well as of White servants.
(B) The acts had the effect of impairing rather than improving the position of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660's.
(C) The acts had a different effect on the position of White servants than did many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of -other colonies.
(D) The acts, at the very least, caused the position of White servants to remain no better than it had been before the 1660's.
(E) The acts, at the very least, tended to reflect the attitudes toward Black servants that already existed before the 1660's.
This line is highlighted in red. Handlins' failed to explain how the white servants were better off than the black servants during and after 1660's. This line is presenting an idea that is countering the idea mentioned in the preceding line. And by that it meant that these acts have somehow proved that the white servants positions were not improving like what Handlins had predicted.
This analysis brings our answer choices to be either B and D. This one is tricky. The "otherwise" indicates that these acts has proved that white servants position was no better than it had been before 1660's. Choice B says the acts had the "effect" of impairing the position rather than improving, but this is not enough. if something had an effect of causing X don't guarantee that X will happen. D is more definitive choice and it is our answer.
23. With which of the following statements regarding the status of Black people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660's would the author be LEAST likely to agree?
(A) Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves, they were often called slaves.
(B) Although subject to some discrimination, Black people had a higher legal status than they did after the 1660's.
(C) Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black people were not legally considered to be slaves.
(D) Although often not treated the same as White people, Black people, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.
(E) Although apparently subject to more discrimination after 1630 than before 1630, Black people from 1620 to the 1660's were legally considered to be servants.
This one was probably the easiest of them all. "It is true that before the 1660's Black people were rarely called slaves" from para 2 settles the answer to be A. 24. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of the following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?
(A) Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneously.
(B) Racial prejudice most often took the forn of the imposition of inherited status, one of the attributes of slavery.
(C) The source of racial p(prejudice was the institution of slavery.
(D) Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic church, racial prejudice sometimes did not result in slavery.
(E) Although existing in a lesser forn before the 1660's, racial prejudice increased sharply after slavery was legalized.
Handlins argued that prejudice only occurred due to the introduction of slavery. This is mentioned in para 3 : "then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many hIstorians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice." C is the answer.25. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of
(A) extending rather than causing racial prejudice in these colonies
(B) hastening the legalization of slavery in these colonies
(C) mitigating some of the conditions of slavery for Black people in these colonies
(D) delaying the introduction of slavery into the English colonies
(E) bringing about an improvement in the treatment of Black slaves in the English colonies
It is mentioned in the para 3 that slavery was more severe in North America than it was in Spanish and Portuguese colonies. And one of the possible explanations was the lack of roman conception and Catholic emphasis of equality in North America. Therefore, it can be inferred that these colonies had mitigated some of the conditions of slavery.26. The author considers the explanation put forward by Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment accorded Black slaves in the English colonies of North America to be
(A) ambitious but misguided
(B) valid but limited
(C) popular but suspect
(D) anachronistic and controversial
(E) premature and illogical
In para 3, the author states: "But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something". It means that the explanation is not necessarily wrong but limited. B is the answer.27. With which of the following statements regarding the reason for the introduction of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) The introduction is partly to be explained by reference to the origins of slavery, before the 1660's, in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies.
(B) The introduction is to be explained by reference to a growing consensus beginning in the 1630's about what were the attributes of true slavery.
(C) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to a decline than to an improvement in the position of White servants in the colonies during and after the 1660's.
(D) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to the position of Black servants in the colonies in the 1630's than by reference to their position in the 1640's and 1650's.
(E) The introduction is more likely to be explained by reference to the history of Black people in the colonies l?efore 1660 than by reference to the improving position of White servants during and after the 1660's.
The author discards Handlins view of contending that the position of white people was improving during and after the 1660's. He also asserts that the introduction of slavery in English colonies could be likely caused by densely rooted prejudice against black people. E correctly identifies the reason.
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