A nice and easy one if read carefully.
1. The passage is primarily concerned with evaluating(A) the importance of Florence Nightingale's innovations in the field of nursing -
No innovation is discussed.(B) contrasting approaches to the writing of historical biography -
A trap answers. The contrast is there but there are no talks of writing of historical biography.(C) contradictory accounts of Florence Nightingale's historical significance -
Yes. Two different views of F.N.'s significance.(D) the quality of health care in nineteenth-century England -
This was not the primary concern.(E) the effect of the Crimean War on developments in the field of health care -
Out of scope.2. According to the passage, the editors of Nightingale's letters credit her with contributing to which of the following?(A) Improvement of the survival rate for soldiers in British Army hospitals during the Crimean War -
She didn't improve the survival rate. Not mentioned in the passage.(B) The development of a nurses' training curriculum that was far in advance of its day -
No talks of training curriculum.(C) The increase in the number of women doctors practicing in British Army hospitals -
Totally out of scope(D) Establishment of the first facility for training nurses at a major British university -
Tempting. But British UNIVERSITY? really? where it is mentioned?(E) The creation of an organization for monitoring the peacetime living conditions of British soldiers -
Correct. She persuaded the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army.3. The passage suggests which of the following about Nightingale's relationship with the British public of her day?(A) She was highly respected, her projects receiving popular and governmental support. -
Perfect. Her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.(B) She encountered resistance both from the army establishment and the general public. -
Not mentioned in the passage.(C) She was supported by the working classes and opposed by the wealthier classes. -
Not mentioned in the passage.(D) She was supported by the military establishment but had to fight the governmental bureaucracy. -
Not mentioned in the passage.(E) After initially being received with enthusiasm, she was quickly forgotten.
Not mentioned in the passage.4. The passage suggests which of the following about sanitary conditions in Britain after the Crimean War?(A) While not ideal, they were superior to those in other parts of the world. -
Other parts of the world? Out(B) Compared with conditions before the war, they had deteriorated. -
Not mentioned in the passage.(C) They were more advanced in rural areas than in urban centers. -
No comparison of rural and urban area.(D) They were worse in military camps than in the neighboring civilian populations. -
Mentioned: She learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations.(E) They were uniformly crude and unsatisfactory throughout England. -
Extreme and not mentioned in the passage.5. With which of the following statements regarding the differing interpretations of Nightingale's importance would the author most likely agree?(A) Summers misunderstood both the importance of Nightingale's achievements during the Crimean War and her subsequent influence on British policy. -
British policy??? of what? Wrong(B) The editors of Nightingale's letters made some valid points about her practical achievements but they still exaggerated her influence on subsequent generations. -
Not agreeing with the author's tone. The author is positive.(C) Although Summers' account of Nightingale's role in the Crimean War may be accurate, she ignored evidence of Nightingale's subsequent achievement that suggests that her reputation as an eminent social reformer is well deserved. -
Yes. Summer's point may be valid but she ignored the further achievement.(D) The editors of Nightingale's letters mistakenly propagated the outdated idealization of Nightingale that only impedes attempts to arrive at a balanced assessment of her true role. -
Completely out of scope.(E) The evidence of Nightingale's letters supports Summers' conclusions both about Nightingale's activities and about her influence. -
Opposite of the main view of the passage.6. Which of the following is an assumption underlying the author's assessment of Nightingale's creativity?(A) Educational philosophy in Nightingale's day did not normally emphasize developing children's ability to observe. -
Arrived here with POE. And in the passage: When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation she sounds like a modern educator. This suggests that this kind of teaching was not common at that time.(B) Nightingale was the first to notice the poor living conditions in British military barracks in peacetime. -
Not mentioned in the passage that she was the FIRST one.(C) No educator before Nightingale had thought to enlist the help of village schoolmasters in introducing new teaching techniques. -
Extreme and we don't have any evidance.(D) Until Nightingale began her work, there was no concept of organized help for the needy in nineteenth-century Britain. -
Organized help for needy? Out of scope.(E) The British army's medical services had no cost-accounting system until Nightingale devised one in the 1860's. -
We can't say that for sure.7. In the last paragraph, the author is primarily concerned with(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs -
Not summary of both para as it only supports F.N.(B) refuting the view of Nightingale's career presented in the preceding paragraph -
It supports the preceding para.(C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage -
No weakness analysis.(D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale's career -
Modern educator, brilliant & creative. Evidences are cited in the para.(E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review -
No correction of any error.
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