Examining early twentieth-century women expedition writers, scholar Miriam Okafor observes that the six figures she profiles published under their own names at a time when women scientists more broadly tended to attribute their contributions to male colleagues or institutional bodies. The expedition writers were acutely aware that their work pushed against established norms of feminine conduct. Paradoxically, however, five of the six remained publicly committed to conservative social positions, distancing themselves from suffrage campaigns and organized feminist associations. Whereas the women scientists who did claim credit for their discoveries used that recognition explicitly to argue for structural reform, the expedition writers seemed to accept the existing social order while carving out exceptional lives within it. They inhabited, in short, an unresolved tension. The independence these women cultivated - both in the field and in the literary sphere - granted them a form of professional standing that had previously been accessible only to men, yet it simultaneously isolated them from the networks of mutual support and collective advocacy that might have extended such opportunities to women more broadly.

Which of the following best characterizes the "unresolved tension" the author refers to?

- A. The expedition writers published under their own names while the women scientists attributed their work to others
- B. Although undertaking expeditions was a socially unconventional act for women of the period, the expedition writers themselves largely upheld conventional social attitudes
- C. The expedition writers were aware that their work broke norms, whereas the women scientists who claimed credit for discoveries were not
- D. The expedition writers' advocacy for suffrage campaigns was undermined by their public commitment to conservative social positions
- E. The independence the expedition writers cultivated proved professionally advantageous in the field but was counterproductive in the literary sphere


Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

According to the passage, the independence cultivated by the expedition writers had which of the following effects?

- A. It gave them access to a form of professional standing previously reserved for men
- B. It separated them from collective networks that could have broadened opportunities for women generally
- C. It prompted them to align themselves with suffrage campaigns and organized feminist associations