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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
My guess:

C
D
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A
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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My guess -

C
D
A
C
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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Added the OA guys.

Ask if something is unclear to you.

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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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Carcass wrote:
Added the OA guys.

Ask if something is unclear to you.

Regards


Please share the answer explanation for question 4.
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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Quote:
It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron


This is the key relationship that makes C the best answer

The other answers are out of scope or not mentioned in the passage.

Hope now is clear.

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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
Why is the answer to the last question C?
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
please explain question no 3 and 4
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
Carcass wrote:
Added the OA guys.

Ask if something is unclear to you.

Regards

Can you brief me with options ( C ) and ( D ) of Q4….
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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Carcass wrote:
Quote:
It has long been known that the level of serum iron in animals falls during infection. Garibaldi first suggested a relationship between fever and iron


This is the key relationship that makes C the best answer

The other answers are out of scope or not mentioned in the passage.

Hope now is clear.

Ask if you need further assistance.



if serum iron level falls during infection, why are we administering a medication that makes serum iron "unavailable " to the bacteria
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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For anyone confused by 27, from what I understand, the body increases its temperature so that it prevents the production of the siderophobes and prevents the bacteria from getting iron; furthermore, the increase in iron causes an increase in mortality so this is evidence that increasing the concentration of iron can counteract the effect of reducing siderophobes/iron binding. So the root of the problem is the bacteria binding (even at high temperatures, it is not completely stopped). Now, I could see either C or D working for 28 but it is much more effective to tackle the root of the problem (bacteria binding to the iron) than to give a low-iron diet, so I put D. E is a tricky choice because we know that the production of Salmonella stops around 40.3 degrees and the experiment on iguanas was done at 42 degrees, so it is not easy to say if any temperature greater than 37 degrees would be okay.

I got 26 wrong too because I was only looking at the first line "Warm-blooded animals have elaborate ... controls to maintain constant body temperature". I was thinking, this does not necessarily mean that warm-blooded animals' temperature cannot be easily controlled! But if we look at lines 13-15, it says that "Cold-blooded animals were used ... because their body can be controlled ...". The word "because" infers that warm-blooded animals may be harder to control.

However, I think C could be a possible answer because it says that "healthy animals prefer the lower temperature". It doesn't specify that warm-blooded or cold-blooded animals prefer it, so I believe it is speaking about both?!
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Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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Q3


Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory.

From this sentence we can easily infer that the warm-blood animal temperature is not easily controlled under testing or laboratory


Which of the following can be inferred about warm-blooded animals solely on the basis of information in the passage?

(A) The body temperatures of warm-blooded animals cannot be easily controlled in the laboratory.
(B) Warm-blooded animals require more iron in periods of stress than they do at other times.
(C) Warm-blooded animals are more comfortable at an environmental temperature of 37℃ than they are at a temperature of 42℃.

Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory. Kluger reported that of iguanas infected with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42℃ than at 37℃, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature.

C mentioned that warm-bllod animal were more used to at a temperature of 42C but those animals were the COLD-blood. Those used for the testing.

No where in the passage C is mentioned.


(D) In warm-blooded animals, bacteria are responsible for the production of siderophores, which, in turn, make iron available to the animal.
(E) In warm-blooded animals, infections that lead to fever are usually traceable to bacteria.





Q27
I think you overthinking the scenario

The key phrase is the following

Thus, fever would make it more difficult for an infecting bacterium to acquire iron and thus to multiply

Moreover, the passage suggests this

Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory.

So C is the answer
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
For question 26, I was looking here when I got the evidence:
Kluger reported that of iguanas infected with the potentially lethal bacterium A. hydrophilia, more survived at temperatures of 42° C than at 37° C, even though healthy animals prefer the lower temperature.

@Carcass, wouldn't you say that "prefer" has the same kind of meaning as "comfortable"?
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
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To be honest Sir I usually do not infer that much.

prefer= comfortable....it is not properly the same.

I prefer pizza rather than pasta. Am I comfortable ?' mhhhh far-fetched

I prefer to lay on the coach than bed....I am more comfortable on the former. Could be...

It depends.

Bottom line: DO NOT infer too much or try to find a meaning which goes too far. Stay tight to the passage I.E. Do not think too much


Regards
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
Regarding problem 27:
infecting bacterium (bad guys) need iron to spread. High temperature makes it difficult for infecting bacterium to acquire iron --> this is why temperature rises during sickness (to prevent bacterium from spreading)
(A) Administering a medication that lowers the animals' body temperature
This is incorrect. We don't want to lower the temperature. This would help bacterium to acquire iron and spread.
(C) Administering a medication that makes serum iron unavailable to bacteria
This is the correct answer. We don't want bacterium to acquire iron.
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
Carcass wrote:
To be honest Sir I usually do not infer that much.

prefer= comfortable....it is not properly the same.

I prefer pizza rather than pasta. Am I comfortable ?' mhhhh far-fetched

I prefer to lay on the coach than bed....I am more comfortable on the former. Could be...

It depends.

Bottom line: DO NOT infer too much or try to find a meaning which goes too far. Stay tight to the passage I.E. Do not think too much


Regards


However, in regards to hot vs cold temperatures, if someone prefers cold weather, they are probably comfortable in it. I think context should also matter for those two words?
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
Truth be told, I was confused by the last question as well, because the idea of producing a medication that makes iron unavailable to bacteria is not hinted at anywhere in the text and seems inherently far-fetched. But since the question assumes all of the following options are possible, then C does seem like the most efficient one.
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Re: Warm-blooded animals have elaborate physiological controls t [#permalink]
3
1. A- Role of iron binding agents is not the primary purpose.
B- New treatments are never mentioned. Illogical.
C- Yes, the function of fever and temperature rises is what is mainly talked about.
D- Constant temperature is opposite to what is actually talked about.
E- Is just a part, and not the primary purpose.

2. A- Serum iron production is not mentioned in the experiment.
B- Warm blooded experiments have not been carried out. Incorrect.
C- Totally irrelevant.
D- Correct as this is mentioned in the line "microbial synthesis of siderophores—substances that bind iron—in bacteria of the genus Salmonella declined at environmental temperatures above 37℃ and stopped at 40.3℃."
E- Trap answer. The bacteria is not of salmonella but attacking it. Also we don't know if the iron is used as a nutrient.

3. A- True because the passage mentions "Cold-blooded animals were used to test this hypothesis because their body temperature can be controlled in the laboratory". From this it can be inferred warm blooded animals' temperatures are harder to control in a lab.
B- No info to infer any of this.
C- This is true for iguana's, who are cold blooded.
D- Just an amalgam of incorrect info.
E- No such pattern is mentioned.

4. A- If body temperature is lowered then iron production will increase and this means production of bacteria will also increase.
B- This will increase bacteria. Opposite of being treated.
C- Correct. If serum iron is unavailable, the bacteria won't be able to bind.
D- Reduced iron diets might work but it is not the most effective treatment.
E- This only works for iguana's. Not sure if applicable to warm blooded creatures.
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